A Modern Model for the Universe
Researches continue to look for something in the sky, on the earth,
under the oceans etc. but I think, now is the time to consider theories as
important means in which we would able to discover many facts of the existence;
especially the theories, which explain our wide knowledge about beings.
When I was a teenager, I many questions was comming to my mind about
the existence, such as:
Why The Almighty God has created the world?
How long far the stars from us?
Why human being is created and how long has existed on the earth?
Such as many of young people, have such questions.
Then, I decided to find the answers to them. I followed this idea
during my life, and after many years, I became a writer on Ontology, especially on two fields: Cosmology and Anthropology.
A modern Model for the Universe, includes an important and basic theory,
is the result of my study in cosmology:
Next to the
mystery of the existence of the soul and the afterlife, the mystery of the shape of
the universe may be considered as the mystery of all mysteries,
and most difficult to solve by scientists. Ebrahim Victory,
Cosmologist
He is right, but why this mystery, the most difficult to solve by
scientists?
To
help answer this question is that we are living inside the universe. A child as
long as lives at a home can only knows the internal shape of the home. As
compared with the universe, that child we are, and only the Almighty God has
authority and superiority over the universe and knows its external shape.
The intuitions granted by God:
Expanding
shape of the universe
We all have seen a
rolled up sheet. If we look at inside of such a sheet, which has as tightly as
possible rolled up and then released, which kind of a shape we can see?
The answer is spiral.
(Snail’s shell shape)
If we wish to roll up
this sheet once again, what can we do?
The answer: we start rolling the central layer up, with the upper
layers following the central layer, and all the layers roll upon each other.
The mystery of
the creation (Big Bang), also to put an end to it (Big Crunch), is as simple as
this example.
The
particulars of a snail’s shell
To imagine the universe
shape, we can select a snail’s shell as ‘reference body’ with seven
layers and then consider the particulars of the universe shape as
following:
1. The major mass and gravity force of this body exist in
its core.
2. Every snail’s shell grows up and expands from the
core.
3. The core of this body has not spontaneously created,
because it needs an initial motive power.
4.
The further the layers
of a snail’s shell away from the core, the further they expand; and get
centrifugal force.
5.
The expansion process
of a snail’s shell follows special rules; hence, it is in order perfectly.
6.
Every layer has
separated from another by a rigid septum.
7.
One of the important particulars
of the body with spiral shape is that it can better carry different waves
including sound waves.
This explains:
-
Why all instruments transmitting sound waves, such as
cochlea in the ears, horn, and trumpet, is spiral - shaped.
-
Why in our modern
world, various receivers and transmitters of audio-visual waves are horny
shaped; or “spiral” so far as possible?
The cosmic model as a spiral system
Maybe the Almighty God
created the lovely snail dragging its cavernous and calcareous shell as a ‘small and temporary home’ on its soft back, to
show us the shape of the universe, as a ‘huge and permanent home’ dragging on humanity
shoulders, to creep inside, on the Big Crunch.
To imagine
spiral shape of the universe, we can assume our spiral galaxy of Milky Way with
a great black hole in its core, as the core of cosmic snail, then consider the
galaxy with the seven layers, as the seven layers of the cosmic snail.
Better to imagine mentioned cosmic system with its
structure and circumference, we can assume a huge transparent vitreous snail’s
shell, looks dark inside, with some bright spots scattered amongst darkness. So
the further the layers away from the core, the further the bright spots, and in
the last (seventh) layer, many things are bright. Meanwhile we can distinguish
the septum of the layers and a blackout core in the center.
Illumination: Every galaxy has two or
three layers and snail’s shells, tree or four layers. Then it is difficult to
show a visible scheme of spiral shape with seven layers, because we need
at least twenty meters wide space or area.
Explanation of such a system:
1. The seven layers
with rigid septum form the “cosmic snail”.
2. The bright spots,
form visible universe. (4% heaviness of the universe)
3. The rest of the seven
layers so called Dark matter. (22%)
4. The blackout core, so called Dark energy, is “cosmic snail
core”. (74%)
5. “Cosmic snail core”
is the main feeding source for the cosmic snail, as the expansive “space time”.
So, the further the layers of the cosmic snail is near the core, the further
the mass and density and slower the time. The time becomes slower because movement
becomes slower by gravity, such as no time in the core and the gravity is at
the most.
Super
gravitation
In attention to
discoveries of the COBE and WMAP (only, until 380000 years after Big Bang is
visible) and to assume the cosmic snail shape, the gravitational relationship
among the Beings parts is, as following:
1. The Visible universe: the gravitation of the moons are attached to the
planets, the planets to the stars, the stars to the galaxies, the galaxies to
the galactic clusters, and them to the galactic super clusters, etc.
2. The Dark matter: the gravitation of the visible universe (4%) attached
to the Dark matter (22%) which spread all over the cosmic snail.
attached to the Dark
energy (74%).
3.
The Dark energy: the Dark matter gravitation
Super gravitation: the gravitation of the Dark energy attached to the
Supreme Being.
Then, “super gravitation” is the Almighty God.
Trinity
cosmos (3M universes)
In attention to above
achievements, we can announce and proclaim that our interpretation of beings is
that we can recognize three forms of the universes, which form the ‘cosmos’
as following:
Main universe (cosmic snail core) called Dark energy (singularity
universe) with these substantive particulars:
It is the main feeding source for the ‘cosmic
snail’ as the expansive “space time” with any “space time” and expansion
itself. It is the “constants universe” meanwhile is not a
“constant universe”.
Its essence is of quantum, and its quality is of
absolute light.
it seems blackout and
invisible; because of having the most mass and density, like as a huge and
singular powerful black hole.
It loses some of its
energy, like as every other source; but the changes are very
insignificant.
Middle universe called Dark matter (light and power universe)
with these functions:
It is the coordinator and preserver between main and mini universes.
It plays the role of an active regulator with safety
regulations to control the cosmic system affairs.
It is the factory of galaxy making. It takes energy over ‘main universe’ (input) and
after a process of actions and reactions, sends them probably through wormholes
to the visible universe (output). Dark energy is so much powerful, that it is
actually impossible to produce directly something visible.
Reconstruction: dead stars like as black dwarf, comeback to this
factory through black holes for reconstruction; because nothing spoiled in the
system and all the changes are merely displacement and rearrangement of the
energy, the matters, and the waves.
Mini
universe called visible
universe (multiplicity universe) we know relatively its
specifications.
Scientific
justification of the model:
1.
ISOTROPIC VIEW FOR THE UNIVERSE
1. Some years before Edwin Hubble discovery of the
universe expansion, Alexander Friedman had got two simple hypothesizes on 1922:
The universe looks generally the same from any point
of vantage.
No part of it is exactly is identical to any other
part, still its overall makeup is the same everywhere.
2. a couple of American physicists: Arno Penzias and
Robert Wilson declared on 1965, that the sounds come from outer space, before
reach us, they have passed through great parts of the universe; furthermore,
these waves are monotonous and homogeneous in various directions. Then they
came to a good conclusion: The Universe is “Isotropic” in greater scales.
3. No better isotropic
shape than spiral (snail’s shell) shape, among the geometrical
shapes can be found. Then THE UNIVERSE SHAPE IS
SPIRAL.
2.
EINSTEIN’S GRAVITATIONAL VIEW
1.
According
to General Relativity Theory, the matter changes and twists the surrounding space, and contorts it out of the
usual shape, then the further the mass and density of the matter in a certain
field, the further its curvature.
2.
The center of a snail’s
shell has the most mass, density and curvature.
3.
According to the
Doppler Effect and the achievements of the Big Bang, the center of universe
should have the most density and plaits.
Then THE UNIVERSE SHAPE IS SPIRAL.
3. WAVES
RETAINING VIEW FOR THE UNIVERSE
1.
Arno Penzias and Robert
Wilson discovered microwave background radiation, using a very large horny
shaped receiver, and they declared that the universe entirely filled with this
radiation; and this discovery won them the Noble Prize.
2. Had the receiver not been horny shaped, this discovery
would not have been possible (since horn has a partial snail’s shell shape).
3.
Had the universe not
been spiral - shaped, it could not have retained this radiation since the Big
Bang.
Then THE UNIVERSE SHAPE
IS SPIRAL.
Efficiencies of the model:
1. Proving the
existence of enough energy in the main universe, to justify the Big Crunch and to believe the universe
has purposefully created. Deliver a valuable idea in this case by NASA / WMAP
Science Team:
The cosmic microwave
background (CMB) is leftover radiation from the Big Bang stretched by the
universe's expansion into the microwave region of the spectrum. In this image,
NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) records minuscule
temperature fluctuations in the CMB as different colors.
In principle, an
advanced civilization could create a universe and encode information in the CMB
that would let civilizations in the offspring universe, know that their
universe has purposefully created.
2. Substantiation the
Einstein view about cosmic curvature and refuting the devious ideas has expressed by some
cosmologists in this field.
3. Correction of the
Hubble Law
Hubble said:
The further a galaxy away from the earth, the greater its velocity of escape.
He declared this view, because he had not known the
shape of the universe; otherwise, he would have said: The further a
galaxy away from main universe, the greater its velocity
of escape.
4. Correction of the
Hawking view about the universe shape
Prof. Hawking has written a book and titled The
Universe in a Nut’s shell. He chose such a title, because he had not known
the shape of the cosmos; otherwise, he would have titled his book: The
Universe in a Snail’s shell; but his idea about hardness of the universe’s
shell as a nut’s shell or snail’s shell, is admirable.
5.
Resolving many problems
in the cosmological fields for example,
scientific struggle between Harlow Shapley and Herbert D. Curtis in 1920. Then,
Hubble explanation in this field maybe rejected.
In attention to “the further the layers of the cosmic
snail near the core, the further the mass and density, and slower the time” and
assume hardness of the cosmic snail septum, many of the distance measures
according to the Hubble constant measurements, maybe needed to revise.
It seems our theory will call the Hubble Law defenders
to challenge. Because another problem with estimating the size of the universe,
is curvature of space-time as we believe in spiral shape for the universe also
held by the general theory of relativity. This curvature also would affect
measurements of distance based on the passage of light through space from
objects.
6.
Rejection the idea of
colliding and merge the closing galaxies. Galaxies move in the layers of cosmic snail with rigid
septum; and the layers are upon each other. The cosmologists suppose all
the closing galaxies will collide and merge in together, but at least while
two galaxies are in the separate layers, is not so, however near they may be.
This viewpoint will solve many of the problems in cosmology field.
7.
Refining the views of
cosmologists about the problems which may occur in the future or even nowadays; for
example, COBE achievements:
The maximum frequency of the radiation intensity is
different in a special direction rather than others; in other words, we can
find a superior direction in the space; WMAP confirmed this viewpoint in May
2005 too.
None of the existing scientific theories can explain
this problem; meanwhile, only belief in the cosmic snail and its powerful core
(main universe) justify such special direction.
8. Consideration how
the aphelion and perihelion have created:
Perhaps nobody has yet answered this question, why the
sun (or any other star or even planet) has not settled in the center of its
elliptical orbit, therefore, the aphelion and perihelion, should have be
created?
The answer: it is because of the cosmic spiral shape. In the
cosmic snail, the “velocity of escape” is greater than “core’s gravitational
attraction”; therefore, the aphelion and perihelion should have created. This
also explain how the orbits of the planets and stars, are elliptical.
9. Meanwhile, we also
shall find the answers of many of the questions; for example, why according to Kepler’s second law,
the orbital velocity is variable; and the planets have retrograde motion?
The answers are also concealed in the cosmic snail,
and because the velocity of escape, is greater than core’s gravitational
attraction.
10. This theory can
help us to reach the targets of establishment the Large Hadron collider too.
Are cosmologists searching out a
Final Theory?
It seems this theory
would be able unsettlingly to solve all cosmological problems, therefore we can
ask:
Maybe this
theory, replace the Theory of Everything, which guides us to a Final Theory?
For accession to a Final Theory in the future, we must
accept this theory at first; because it seems impossible otherwise.
"Huge questions remain to be answered before we
can hope to have a complete picture of the universe we live in. I want you to
share my excitement at the discoveries, past and present, which have
revolutionized the way we think. From the Big Bang to black holes, from dark
matter to a possible Big Crunch, our image of the universe today is full of
strange sounding ideas, and remarkable truths. The story of how we arrived at
this picture is the story of learning to understand what we see."
Question: is
really the shape of the universe so, that cosmologists suppose for example as
following?
Princeton University theorist Paul Steinhardt, who helped pioneer inflation in the
early 1980s, calls the WMAP result "a milestone achievement." He says
theorists have spent years developing more exotic types of inflation models
that require new fields or fine-tuning mechanisms. "This milestone means
that many of these exotic ideas are out the window, which cleans up the field a
lot," he says. But he also points out that the new WMAP results are
consistent with another idea that he helped develop: that our universe
occasionally collides with another universe in higher-dimensional space-time,
leading to endlessly repeating cycles of Big Bangs and expansion. WMAP team
members agree that this cyclic model is consistent with their results, and that
a next-generation satellite is needed to determine which model, if either,
explains our universe.
First edition: March, 2005
Ahmad SHAMMAZADEH
Attachment (April 2016):
The forerunner of the really
shape of the Universe
When I
wrote the Persian text of A Modern Model for the
Universe fifteen years ago (2001), I was thinking that a day would
come in which cosmologists will reach my theory about the shape of the
Universe, and it would has been confirmed.
Recently,
I have found an article in the web and considered it as the forerunner of my
idea. Now you can see a brief of the article as following:
Is space-time shaped like a SPIRAL?
Universe has a 'golden ratio' that keeps everything in
order, researchers claim
- South African
researchers say the universe is governed by a 'golden ratio'.
- They say space-time
itself is defined by this mathematical constant.
- The ratio (1.618) is
found across nature in plants, hurricanes and more.
- But the researchers say
it is also ever-present in the universe.
- This means it might make
up space-time itself.
Published: 13:49 GMT, & Updated: 14:27 GMT,
5 December 2014
A cosmic constant known as the ‘golden ratio’
is said to be found in the shape of hurricanes, elephant tusks and even in
galaxies.
Now researchers say this ratio is also seen in
the topology of space-time, affecting the entire universe as a whole.
And they say this number can be used to link
everything in the universe together, from space-time to chemistry to biology.
South African researchers have claimed that the
universe is governed by a 'golden ratio'. They say space-time itself is defined
by this mathematical constant. The ratio - 1.618 - is found across nature in
plants, hurricanes and more (shown). But the researchers say it is also
ever-present in the universe. The
research was carried out by Dr. Jan Boeyens at the University of Pretoria and
Dr. Francis Thackeray of the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa.
They say the golden ratio - 1.618 - can be seen
‘related not only to aspects of mathematics but also to physics, chemistry,
biology and the topology of space-time, and it may dictate how certain things
in the universe take shape.
Read more:
